Linux Interview Questions

How to check and verify the status of the bond interface?

Using the command ‘cat /proc/net/bonding/bond0,’ we can check what mode is enabled and what LAN cards are used in this bond. In this example, we have one one bond interface. However, we can have multiple bond interfaces like bond1, bond2 and so on.

What do you understand by Linux Kernal? Is it legal to edit it?

Kernal essentially refers to that core component of the PC working framework that gives fundamental administrations to alternate parts and in addition connects with client summons. With regards to 'Linux Kernal, it is referred as low-level system software providing an interface for user-level interactions.

Linux Kernal is considered as free and open source programming which is fit for managing hardware resources for the clients. As it is released under General Public License (GPL), it winds up legal for anybody to alter it.

What are LINUX basic components?

Linux operating system basically consists of 3 components

Kernal, System library, System utility

How can we use LINUX?

LINUX is used widely because it is completely different from other operating systems with something extra i.e. some additional features

-It is an open source operating system where programmers get the advantage of designing their own custom OS.

-Software and the server licensing required to install Linux is completely free and can be installed on many computers as required.

-It has low or minimum but controllable issues with viruses, malware, etc

-It is highly secured and supports multiple file systems.

Define GUI?

GUI stands for the Graphical user interface. GUI is considered as the most attractive and user-friendly because it consists of the usage of images and icons.

Define CLI?

CLI stands for Command Line Interface. It is a way for humans to interact with computers and is also known as Command line user interface.

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What is the maximum length for any file name under LINUX?

The maximum length for any filename under Linux is 255 characters.

How to Enable ACLs for /home partition?

Add following entry in /etc/fstab

LABEL=/home /home ext3 acl 1 2

Now remount /home partition with acl option.

mount -t ext3 -o acl /dev/sda3 /home

How do you create ext4 file system?

# mke2fs -t ext4 /dev/DEV

What is the name and path of the main system log?

By default, the main system log is ‘/var/log/messages’. This file contains all the messages and the script written by the user. By default, all scripts are saved in this file. This is the standard system log file, which contains messages from all system software, non-kernel boot issues, and messages that go to ‘dmesg’. dmesg is a system file that is written upon system boot.

What is partial backup?

When you select only a portion of your file hierarchy or a single partition to back up, it is called partial backup.

What is the basic difference between UNIX and Linux Operating System?

Linux Operating System is Free and Open Source Software, the kernel of which is created by Linus Torvalds and community. Well you can not say UNIX Operating System doesn’t comes under the category of Free and Open Source Software, BSD, is a variant of UNIX which comes under the category of FOSS. Moreover Big companies like Apple, IBM, Oracle, HP, etc. are contributing to UNIX Kernel.

What are LINUX basic commands?

In Linux, commands are case-sensitive and more often than not they are entirely in lowercase. Items that are surrounded by brackets ([]) are optional. You will more than likely use at least some of these commands every time you log into a Linux system. Become familiar with these commands because they can get you pretty far in a short amount of time.

ls - Lists directory contents. You will use ls to display information about files and directories.

cd [dir] - Changes the current directory to dir. If you execute cd without specifying a directory, cd changes the current directory to your home directory. This is how you navigate around the system.

pwd - Displays the present working directory name. If you don't know what directory you are in, pwd will tell you.

cat [file] - Concatenates and displays files. This is the command you run to view the contents of a file.

echo [argument] - Displays arguments to the screen.

man command - Displays the online manual for command. Type q to quit viewing the manual page. The documentation provided by the man command is commonly called "man pages." exit, logout,

or Ctrl-d - Exits the shell or your current session.

clear - Clears the screen

Define Automatic processes?

Automatic or batch processes are not connected to a terminal. Rather, these are tasks that can be queued into a spooler area, where they wait to be executed on a FIFO (first-in, first-out) basis. Such tasks can be executed using one of two criteria:

At a certain date and time: done using the at command.

At times when the total system load is low enough to accept extra jobs: done using the batch command. By default, tasks are put in a queue where they wait to be executed until the system load is lower than 0.8. In large environments, the system administrator may prefer batch processing when large amounts of data have to be processed or when tasks demanding a lot of system resources have to be executed on an already loaded system. Batch processing is also used for optimizing system performance.