Knowing what you will be asked before the Interview can make you confident. We've compiled an extensive collection of Full Stack Developer interview questions from freshers to experienced professionals. This article covers the question comprehensively from all the aspects of employer majorly, including the development of front, and back-end applications servers, databases, web security, and the use of version control systems. These Full Stack Developer interview questions are designed to test your skills and knowledge in both back-end and front-end development.
Today's tech-driven world calls for more and more Full Stack Development. Full stack development reduces the project's cost and helps understand a working well with one point of contact: the Full stack developer. A Full Stack Developer is responsible for developing both front-end and back-end aspects of web applications, including user interfaces to server-side APIs. As more and more companies move towards digital transformation, the demand for skilled Full Stack Developers has been increasing rapidly.
For professionals aspiring to become Full Stack developers, it is essential to prepare for Full Stack Developer Interview Questions. The interview process can be challenging as full-stack development emerges. This article will provide an overview of some of the most common Full Stack Developer interview questions and offer tips on preparing for them.
We have divided these interview Questions into a few categories:
Ans: Popular Full Stack Developer tools include Visual Studio Code, Sublime Text, Atom, WebStorm, GitHub, GitLab, JIRA, and Trello.
Ans: Full Stack Development is creating and maintaining comprehensive web applications from start to finish, which involves both front-end and back-end development activities such as designing, coding, testing, and deployment.
Ans: Full Stack Web Developers are responsible for creating both front-end and back-end applications. They design, develop, and implement web applications using front-end languages like HTML, CSS, and JavaScript and back-end languages like Node.js, PHP, Python, Ruby on Rails, or Java.
Ans: Full-stack developers require expertise in front-end technologies like HTML, CSS, JavaScript, and jQuery, as well as back-end technologies like Node.js, PHP, Python, Ruby on Rails, or Java. Additionally, they should have knowledge of databases, server architecture, and API design.
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Ans: Pair programming is a website/software development technique in which two developers collaborate on the same task, with one person typing and the other reviewing code. This helps identify errors and bugs early in the development cycle and encourages knowledge sharing and collaboration.
Ans: CORS (Cross-Origin Resource Sharing) is a mechanism that enables resources from different domains to be requested on a web page. This helps protect user data from theft or misuse by only allowing requests from approved domains.
Ans: Inversion of Control (IoC) is a design pattern in which the control of program flow is inverted from its main program to another framework or container. This leads to more modular and scalable code and easier testing and maintenance tasks.
Ans: Dependency Injection is a software design pattern in which the dependencies of a class are imported from an external source instead of being created within it. This helps reduce coupling and increase modularity within the codebase.
Multithreading is a programming technique in which multiple threads execute distinct parts of a program simultaneously. This can improve the performance and responsiveness of the application but requires careful management to avoid issues like race conditions or deadlocks.
Ans: Continuous Integration is a software development practice where developers regularly merge their code modifications into an external repository and then automatically build and test those changes to guarantee they do not disrupt the overall system.
Ans: GraphQL is a query language and runtime that allows clients to specify the required data, then returns that data in one response. This differs from Rest, which often needs multiple requests to different endpoints to gather the desired information.
Ans: Optimizing website load time and performance includes optimizing images, minimizing HTTP requests, compressing files, using a content delivery network (CDN), caching, and decreasing server response time.
Ans: The Observer pattern is a design pattern in which an object, called the subject, keeps track of its dependents (observers), and notifies them automatically of any state changes through method calls.
Ans: Full Stack Engineers typically possess more expertise and experience in one area of Full Stack Development, such as front-end, back-end, or database management; on the other hand, Full Stack Developers must possess knowledge across all phases of Full Stack Development.
Ans: Polling is a programming technique wherein a program periodically checks for updates or modifications to a resource rather than waiting for that resource to notify it of these alterations.
Ans: GET, and POST are two methods used to transfer data between a client and server. GET requests to retrieve information from the server, while POST requests submit data back to it for processing by the server.
Ans: Inversion of Control (IoC) is a design pattern in software engineering where control over an application's flow of execution is inverted - giving power to a higher-level framework rather than the developer. In simpler terms, this means transferring program control to an external component or framework which manages its lifecycle.
Ans: Referential transparency is a property of functional programming where output solely depends on its inputs and has no side effects. This ensures that functions always return the same result for any given set of inputs without altering external state or variables.
Ans: Yes, we can reduce the web application loading time. We can do this by optimizing images and other media files, minimizing HTTP requests, compressing CSS and JavaScript code, using a content delivery network (CDN), and caching data.
Ans: The event loop refers to a core concept in Node.js. It handles code execution without blocking. It continuously checks for new events in an event queue and executes them one at a time. It allows the program to keep running while waiting for I/O operations to complete. The event loop will enable Node.js to handle large numbers of concurrent connections without blocking the main thread, leading to more efficient and scalable applications.
Ans: Abstract classes and interfaces in object-oriented programming differ because abstract types can contain method implementations, while interfaces do not. Abstract classes provide a way to define common behaviours and properties that subclasses can inherit and extend; on the other hand, interfaces define an implementation contract that all classes must fulfil; they do not provide any actual implementation.
Ans: "Resting" refers to using CSS to reverse any default styles the browser applies, usually done at the start of a stylesheet. This helps guarantee consistency across different browsers and devices for websites. Similarly, "Normalizing" uses CSS standards that standardize default styles applied by other browsers, so they appear uniform across platforms.
Ans: To prevent bots from scraping a publicly accessible API, you can implement authentication and rate limiting. Authentication ensures only authorized users can access the API, while rate limiting limits how many requests can be made within a specific timeframe.
In JavaScript, a callback is an object passed as an argument to another function that gets invoked when certain events or conditions arise. Callbacks are commonly employed in asynchronous programming scenarios where one function must wait for results before continuing.
Ans: RESTful API, also known as Representational State Transfer Application Programming Interface, is an architectural style for creating web services that utilize HTTP requests to retrieve, post, put, and delete data. RESTful APIs are designed for scalability and flexibility while being easy to maintain; they can be utilized to access data from various sources.
Ans: Data attributes in HTML are custom attributes that can be added to elements to store additional data. They're commonly used as input for scripts or stylesheets and can be accessed using JavaScript or CSS.
Ans: Rolling deployment is a deployment strategy in which new code is incrementally released to a select group of servers, then expanded as it undergoes testing and verification. Blue-green deployment, on the other hand, involves running two distinct environments (a "blue" environment and a "green"), with traffic switching between them as needed.
Ans: ACID, otherwise known as Atomicity, Consistency, Isolation, and Durability, is an acronym for Atomicity, Consistency, Isolation, and Durability. These properties guarantee transactions are completed reliably and consistently within databases.
Ans: Referential transparency is a property of functions in functional programming that ensures a function's return value is solely determined by its input values, independent of other variables such as the program's state or time of day.
Ans: An application server is a software platform that offers services and tools for developing, deploying, and managing web-based applications. It usually supports technologies like databases, web servers, and middleware to provide a standardized environment for running web applications.
Ans: Server-side scripting refers to running scripts on the server to generate dynamic web pages. In contrast, client-side scripting utilizes scripts running within a user's web browser to enhance their experience.
Ans: The observer pattern is a design pattern in which an object, called the subject, maintains a list of dependents (observers), and notifies them automatically of any changes to its state.
Ans: Design patterns come in many different forms, such as creational (Singleton and Factory), structural (Adapter and Decorator), and behavioral (Observer and Strategy).
Ans: Normalization is organizing data in a database to reduce redundancy and enhance data integrity, while denormalization deliberately introduces redundancy for improved read performance in specific scenarios. Normalization involves breaking up large tables into smaller ones with established relationships between them; on the other hand, denormalization involves combining tables to minimize joins and enhance performance.
Ans: Some ways to optimize a website for efficiency and scalability include minimizing HTTP requests, optimizing images and other media, using caching/compression, minifying CSS/JScript files, using a content delivery network (CDN), and server-side and client-side caching.
Ans: Docker is a containerization platform that enables developers to package and deploy applications in an easily shared and reproducible manner, deploy applications in the cloud environment, and simplify deployment by packaging all required files into one container.
Ans: When it comes to full-stack development, the preferred language may vary depending on the individual developer and project requirements. Popular choices include JavaScript, Python, and Ruby.
Ans: To prevent bots from scraping publicly accessible APIs, implement authentication and rate limiting, monitor API usage and block suspicious activity, use CAPTCHA or other human verification techniques, and block IP addresses or ranges associated with bots.
Ans: Arrow functions in ES6 provide a concise syntax for writing functions but may only be suitable in some circumstances. One reason to avoid using arrow functions is that they lack their bindings to the "this" keyword, leading to unexpected behavior and bugs in specific scenarios. Furthermore, arrow functions cannot be used as constructors and lack access to the "arguments" object, potentially restricting their flexibility in specific systems.
Ans: Benefits and disadvantages of using "use strict":
Benefits:
Drawbacks:
Latest trends in Full Stack Development:
Ans: Yes, I am compatible with working in a pair programming model. Pair programming is a technique in which two developers work together on the same task, sharing one computer and collaborating in real-time. One developer called the "driver" writes the code while the other developer, called the "navigator," reviews the code, asks questions, and provides feedback. The tasks can be switched at any moment. The benefits of pair programming include improved code quality, knowledge sharing, faster problem-solving, and increased team morale.
Ans: Technologies and skills needed to develop a project from scratch as a full-stack developer:
Ans: Callback Hell is a term that describes the problem of deeply nested callbacks in asynchronous JavaScript code. It occurs when multiple asynchronous functions are called one after another, and each position requires the result of the previous function as an input. This results in a "pyramid" of nested callbacks, making the code difficult to read and maintain. One way to avoid callback hell is to use Promises or async/await syntax, which makes asynchronous code more readable and less error-prone.
Ans: MEAN Stack: MEAN Stack is a web development technology stack that consists of four main components:
Ans: In MVC architecture, the Controller mediates the communication between the View and Model components. The View renders the user interface, while the Model stores the data and logic. MVP is similar to MVC, but instead of a Controller, the Presenter manages the communication between the View and Model. The Presenter retrieves the data from the Model and updates the View accordingly. The key difference between MVC and MVP is that in MVP, the View communicates with the Presenter instead of the Controller, making it an easier to unit test the components.
Ans: In ES6, the Temporal Dead Zone (TDZ) is a behavior that occurs when using the let and const keywords for variable declaration. The TDZ is the period between the start of the scope and the point where a variable is declared. Any attempt to access the variable during this time will result in a ReferenceError. The TDZ ensures that variables are not accessed before they are declared, promoting better coding practices.
Ans: Yes, there are several ways to decrease the load time of a web application, including:
Ans: Event bubbling and capturing are two mechanisms in JavaScript for handling events on a webpage. Event bubbling occurs when an event is triggered on a child element, propagating through its ancestors in the DOM tree until it reaches the root element. On the other hand, event capturing occurs when an event is triggered on the root element and then propagated down through its descendants until it reaches the target element. Both mechanisms help handle events on a webpage, and the appropriate one depends on the specific use case.
Ans: Preparing for a full-stack developer interview may become challenging if you need to know the right way. Start with revising your basics and practicing coding. Polish your technical skill and go through the previously asked questions about full-stack development. Also, look for the tips mentioned above.
Ans: To become full-stack developer, basic skills required for a full-stack developer include:
Ans: Yes, 3 months are enough for a full-stack developer. In some cases, if you are an extreme beginner, it may take longer.
Ans: The three main things you must consider to crack full stack Java developer interview:
Ans: Yes, a fresher can become a full-stack developer with the proper education, training, and dedication.
Conclusion:
Since the demand for Full Stack Developers is increasing extensively, the need and opportunity for Full Stack Developers with continue to grow. To get a job with 6 fig salary, it is crucial to crack an interview with some fortune organization. These 50 full-stack interview questions list will help you prepare for the same. Getting well-versed with the terms and market aspects of full-stack development is necessary to place yourself as a successful full-stack developer. The above mention tips come along to assist in setting up your mind and give you support to perform better.
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