What is an Event?
JavaScript’s interaction with HTML is handled through events that occur when the user or browser manipulates a page.
When the page loads, that is an event. When the user clicks a button, that a click, too, is an event. Another example of events is like pressing any key, closing window, resizing the window, etc.
Developers can use these events to execute JavaScript coded responses, which cause buttons to close windows, messages to be displayed to users, data to be validated, and virtually any other type of responses imaginable to occur.
Events are a part of the Document Object Model(DOM) Level 3 and every HTML element has a certain set of events that can trigger JavaScript code.
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On click Event Type
This is the most frequently used event type that occurs when a user clicks the mouse left button. You can put your validation, warning, etc against this event type.
Example
<html>
<head>
<script type=”text/javascript”>
<!— functionsayHello() { alert(“Hello World”) // - - >
</script>
</head>
<body>
<input type=”button” onclick=”sayHello()” value = “Say Hello” />
</body>
</html> Onsubmit event type
Another most important event type is onsubmit. This event occurs when you try to submit a form. So you can put your form validation against this event type.
Here is a simple example showing its usage. Here we calling a validate() function before submitting a form data to the webserver.
If validate() function returns true the form will be submitted otherwise it will not submit the data.
Example
<html>
<head>
<script type=”text/javascript”>
<!— functionvalidation() { all validation goes here ……………. return either true or false } // - - >
</script>
</head>
<body>
<form method=”Post” action =”t.cgi” onsubmit=”return validate()”> ……………………
<input type=”submit” value=”Submit” />
</body>
</html> Onmouseover and onmouseout
These two event types will help you to create nice effects with images or even with text as well.
The onmouseover event occurs when you bring your mouse over any element and the onmouseout occurs when you bring your mouse over any element and the onmouseout occurs when you take your mouse out from the element.
Example
Following example shows how a division reacts when we bring our mouse in that division :
<html>
<head>
<script type=”text/javascript”>
<!— functionover() { alert(“Mouse over”); }
function out() { alert(“Mouse out”);
</script>
</head>
<body>
<div onmouseover=”over()” onmouseout=”out()”>
<h2>This is inside the division
</h2>
</body>
</html>150 complete(4pages) 155 You can change different images using these two event types or you create a help balloon to help your users.
HTML 4 standard Events
The standard HTML 4 events are listed here for your reference. Here script indicates a Javascript function to be executed.
| Event | Value | Description |
| onchange | script | Script runs when the element changes |
| onsubmit | script | script runs when the form is submitted |
| onreset | script | script runs when the form is reset |
| onselect | script | Script runs when the element is selected |
| onselect | script | script runs when the element is selected |
| onblur | script | script runs when the element loses focus |
| onfocus | script | script runs when the element gets focus |
| onkeydown | script | script runs when key is pressed |
| onkeypress | script | script runs when key is pressed and released |
| onekeyup | script | script runs when key is relased |
| onclick | script | script runs when a mouse click |
| ondbclick | script | script runs when a mouse double-click |
| onmousedown | script | script runs when mouse button is pressed |
| onmousemove | script | script runs when mouse pointer moves |
| onmouseout | script | script runs when mouse pointer moves out of an element |
| onmouseover | script | script runs when mouse pointer moves over an element |
| onmouseup | script | script runs when mouse button is released |
onblur Even
<html>
<head>
<script type=”text/javascript”>
function uppercase()
{ var x=document.getElementByID(“fname”).value document.getElementById(“fname”).value document.getElemetnById(“fname”).value=x.touppercase() }
</script>
</head>
<body>
Enter your name:<input type=”text” id=”fname” onblur=”uppercase()”>
</body>
</html> Onchange Event
<html>
<head>
<script type=”text/javascript”>
function uppercase(x)
{ var y=document.getElementById(x).value document.getElementById(x).value=y.toUppercase() }
</script>
</head>
<body>
Enter your name : <input type=”text” id=”fname” onchange=”uppercase(this.id)”>
</body>
</html> Onclick Event
<html>
<body>
Field1 : <input type=”text” id=”field1” value=”Hello World!”>
<br/> Field2: <input type=”text” id=”field2”>
<br/><br/>
click the button below to copy the content of Field1 to Field2
<br/>
<button onclick=”document.getElementById(‘field2’).value=document.getElementById(‘field1’).value”>
Copy Text</button>
</body>
</html>Ondbclick Event
<html>
<body>
Field1: <input type=”text” id =”field1” value=”Hello World!”>
<br/>
<button ondbclick=”document.getElementById(‘field2’).value=document.getElementByID(‘field1’).value”>
Copy Text
</button>
</body>
</html>Onerror Event
<img src=”image.gif” onerror=”alert(‘The image could not be loaded.’) “>
Onfocus Event
<html>
<head>
<script type=”text/javascript”>
function setStyle(x)
{ document.getElementByid(x).style.background=”yellow” }
</script>
</head>
<body>
First name : <input type=”text” onfocus=setstyle(this.id)” id=”fname”>
<br/>
Last name=<Input type=”text” onfocus=”setstyle(this.id)” id=”lname”>
</body>
</html>Onkeydown Event
<html>
<body>
<script type=”text/javascript”>
function noNumbers( e )
{ var keynum var keychar var numcheck if(window.event) //IE
{ keynum=e.keycode } else if(e.which) // Netscape / Firefox/Opera
{ Keynum=e.which }
keychar=string.fromcharcode(keynum) numcheck=String.fromcharcode(keynum) numcheck=/d/ return !numcheck.test(keychar) }
</script>
<form>
<input type=”text” on keypress=”return noNumbers(event)”/>
</form>
</body>
</html>on Key Up Event
<html>
<head>
<script type =”text/javascript”>
function uppercase(X)
{ var y= document .getElementById(x).value docment.getElementby Id(x).value= y.to Uppercase(); }
</script>
</head>
<body>
Enter your name:<input type=”text” id=”fname” on keyup=”uppercase(this.id)”>
</body>
</html>Onload Event
<html>
<head>
<script type=”text/javascript”>
function load()
{ alert(“page is loaded”); }
</script>
</head>
<body onload=”load()”>
<h1> Hello World!</h1>
</body>
</html>onmousedown Event
<html>
<head>
<script type=”text/javascript”>
function whichElement (e)
{ var targ if (!e) var e =window.event if (e.target) targ=e.target
else
if (e.srcElement) targ =e .srcElement if (targ.nodeType ==3)
//defeat Safari bug targ=targ.parentNode var tname tname=targ.tagName alert(“You clicked on a” + tname + “element.”) }
</script>
</head>
<body onmousedown=”whichElement(event)”>
<h2> This is a header</h2>
<p> This is a paragraph</p>
<img border=”0” src=”ball16.gif” alt=”Ball”>
</body>
</html>
onmousemove Event
<img src=”image_w3default.gif” alt =”W3schools” onmousemove=”alert(‘Visit W3schools!’)”/>onmouseoutEvent
<html>
<head>
<script type=”text/javascript”>
function mouseOver()
{ document .getelementbyId(“b1”).src=”b_blue.gif” }
function mouseOut()
{ document.getElementById (“bi”).src=”b_pink.gif” }
</script>
</head>
<body>
<a href=http://www.w3schools.com target=_”blank” onmouseover=”mouseOver()” onmouseout=”mouseOut()”>
<img border=”0” alt =”visit W3schools!”src=”b_pink.gif” id=”b1”/></a>
</body>
</html> onmouseover Event
<html>
<head>
<script type =”text/javascript”>
function mouseover()
{ document.getElementByID(“b1”).src=”b_blue.gif” }
function mouseOut()
{ document.getElementById(“b1”).src=”b_pink.gif” }
</script>
</head>
<body>
<a href=http://www.w3schools.com target=”_blank” onmouseover=”mouseOver()” onmouseout=mouseOut()”>
<img border=”0” alt=”Visit W3 Schools!” src=”b_pink.gif” id=”b1”/>
</a>
</body>
</html>
onmouseup Event
<html>
<head>
<script type=”text/javascript”>
function whichElement(e)
{ var targ if(!e) var e =window.event if(e.target) targ =e.target else is (e.srcElement) targ=e.srcElement if (targ.nodeType ==3)
// defear safari bug targ=targ.parentNode var tname tname= targ.tagName alert(“you clcike on a “ + tname + “element.”) }
</script>
<body onmouseup=”whichElement(event)”>
<h2> This is a header</h2>
<p> This is a paragraph</p2>
<img border=”0” src=”ball16.gif” alt=”Ball”>
</body>
</html> Onresize Event
<body onresize=”alert (‘you have changed the size of the window’)”>
</body> onselect Event
<form >
Select text: <input type=”text” value =”Hello World!” onselect =”alert(‘you have selected some of the text.’)”>
</form> Onunload Event
<body onunload=”alert(‘The onunload event was triggered’)”>
</body>
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