Are you planning to attend an interview for the SAP PS Developer role but confused about how to crack that interview also what would be the most probable SAP PS Interview Questions that the interviewer may ask? Well, you have reached the right place. Tekslate has collected the most frequently asked SAP PS Interview Questions which are often asked in multiple interviews.
In this article, we will cover the following:
Ans: Project System provides tools to track project milestones, costs, and resources. SAP's Project System module contains tight integration to the Controlling, Human Resources, and Logistics modules. It utilizes personnel records from HR, rolls costs into Controlling and links to materials or customers in the Logistics modules.
Two key objects that define the Project in SAP are:
Ans: A Work Breakdown Structure (WBS) is a model of a project and shows the project activities to be fulfilled in a hierarchical form. It forms the operative basis for planning costs, revenues, and payments, as well as for scheduling, and budgeting. It also shows responsibility.
One definition from the Project Management Institute is as follows:
Ans: It can be linked through DIP Profile and do Resource Related Billing for raising billing.
Ans: No, it can be done at the WBS level with the 'Billing' operative indicator.
Ans: Yes, You can use Progress Analysis (EVA) for this.
Ans: When a project status is set back to REL from TECO or CLSD status, the workforce planning done is getting deleted completely at the activity. Run cmp9(Evaluation again) and you will have workforce planning back.
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Ans: It is another function for planning costs at the WBS elements level. It uses the existing Controlling, purchasing, or MM data in the form of cost items. Also, you can have predefined costing models to simplify repeated entries.
Ans: Settlement rules are nothing but settling the account for a cost centre. Which WBS are accounts assigned the cost of the corresponding WBS should be settled to the respective cost centre assigned for that WBS. The settlement rule is assigned in a settlement profile in which you will define (like asset) the rules of the settlement.
Ans: A project is a system that involves 1. project, sub-project, activities & tasks. It will have good integration with the other modules like MM, Fi/co, & PM modules.
Ans: The settlement will take place via a profitability segment. Level 1 WBS should have a settlement rule defined to be settled to PSG and level 2 WBS should be settled to superior one WBS element. The main level 1 WBS/ Project will be settled to PSG and variance will be posted to COPA.
Ans: Project System is a Project management tool from SAP. Which has very good integration with the other modules of SAP like FI, CO, MM, SD, PP, HR, and DMS? This module basically coordinates and controls all the phases of a project, in direct coordination with purchasing and controlling, from quotation to design and approval to resource management and cost settlement.
Also besides the integration with the SAP module, this Project system also has an integration with third-party popular Project management tools like Microsoft Projects and Primavera.
Ans: Project definition is a binding framework in SAP for all organizational elements created within a project (e.g. WBS and Networks). Data like company code, plant, and the person responsible can default into WBS if initially entered in the project definition. Such data can also default into the project definition via the project profile which will then default it to subsequent WBS.
Ans: Project Coding helps display complex project numbers. They can also be used to indicate the position of a WBS element in the project hierarchy.
We can create a mask for every key you want to use in project coding. Project Definition has to be unique in the SAP System and also WBS Element has to be unique in the SAP System.
Project code is changeable and the hierarchy can be changed up to a certain point of project status.
Project Code has 2 parts
Part 1: Project Identifier (Project Coding Mask)
Part 2: Project Number (usually a serial number)
Every project begins with a Project ID (max. 5 Characters), Using separators to distinguish the different WBS levels. e.g.: "/", "-", "."
Ans: Unit costing is a means of recording all the costs - direct and indirect - associated with the delivery of services. The total cost of service provision is divided by the total amount of service provided.
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Ans: Whenever the confirmation of activities is done and if the milestone is attached to that particular activity the milestone triggers the milestone as per the configuration done and it will do the billing through the SD module.
Ans: LSMW is an encapsulated data transfer tool. It can provide the same functionality as BDC in fact much more but when coming from a technical perspective most of the parameters are encapsulated.
To list out some of the differences :
Ans: Level 1 WBS should have a settlement rule defined to be settled to PSG and level 2 WBS should be settled to superior one WBS element. The main level 1 WBS/ Project will be settled to PSG, and variance will be posted to COPA.
Ans: KKA2 for calculating result Analysis;
KKAJ - for calculating WIP.
Ans: There are several parameters to define here at the level of the structure. First, it's the Project Definition (Proj. Profile), then we have the WBS Level, and then, if used, the Network/Activity/Sub Activity Level. You may include components and services. The configuration goes into Proj. Definition, WBS, and Activity profiles.
Ans: WBS and Networks are two structures that differ in the way in which they enable you to structure projects and in the functions provided for them in the SAP system. For example, if you need a hierarchical budget management function for a project, you would want to use a WBS structure. If, in addition, you also want to do capacity planning, you would have to use one or several networks as well. Depending on the specific requirements you may be able to map a project only via a WBS structure, or by using only one or several networks, or a combination of both.
Ans: It can be found at the following location:
Project System >>> Structures >>> Operative Structures >>> Work Breakdown Structures >>> Project Coding Mask >>> Define Special Characters for Projects
Transaction is OPSK
Ans: Maintenance order.
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Ans: Coding masks contain sections for the external identification of projects, and they are separated by special characters. A section consists either of numbers that are represented by "0" characters in the coding mask, or alphanumeric characters that are represented by "X" characters in the mask. You can store a descriptive text for each coding mask and use lock indicators to control whether the key and the associated mask can be used for operative or standard WBS structures.
Project System >>> Structures >>> Operative Structures >>> Work Breakdown Structures >>> Project Coding Mask >>> Define Project Coding Mask
Transaction is OPSJ
Ans: There are five different transactions. Project Definition, WBS Elements, Network Header, Networks Overview and Network Details. There you will see a table with radio buttons that indicate whether a field should be set as Input, Required (mandatory), Display, or Hide. You can also define Influence Fields and Field Groups.
For Project Definition and WBS Elements:
Project System >>> Structures >>> Operative Structures >>> Work Breakdown Structures >>> User Interface Settings >>> Define Field Selection for Work Breakdown Structures
Transactions are OPUK (Project Definition), OPUJ (WBS Elements)
For Networks:
Project System >>> Structures >>> Operative Structures >>> Network >>> User Interface Settings >>> Define Field Selection for Networks
Transactions are OPUA (Header), OPUB (Overview), OPUC (Details)
Ans: Substitution enables us to automatically change master data fields of Project Definitions, WBS Elements, Network Headers, and Activities. For example, you can automatically set the cost centre 9999 for those WBS Elements into which responsible persons with numbers 0 to 20 have been entered.
Validation enables you to carry out self-defined checks for master data fields of the same elements. But the result of validations consists of informational messages, warnings, or error messages. For example, you can validate that projects with a specific project profile always begin with the same key.
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Ans: The profile is part of the"Planning Board Profile" and it determines the beginning and the end of the evaluation and planning periods. This means that pre-evaluation and post-evaluation periods are defined automatically. This is how the Planning Board is displayed graphically.
Ans: The evaluation period is the period in which you want to control your project, and it will be displayed on your planning board. Don't get confused with scheduling, which is how time is managed in a project.
Project System >>> Structures >>> Project Planning Board >>> Define Time Profiles
Transactions are OPTY
Ans: There are two, but you can define your own. SAPPS_Z001 and SAPPS_Z002.
Ans: There are 16 fields that are given below:
Ans: BA00 for order LD00 for delivery RD00 for billing and RD03 for Cash sales.
Ans: Condition type is a pricing element such as a discount, freight, or surcharge. This is used in pricing procedures to represent condition records.
Ans: The delivery document is an electronic document that stores when how much quantity of materials and where the materials should go on the other side, scheduling represents when materials will be delivered in that case backward scheduling and forward scheduling are used.
Ans: In general item category determination is happened through sales document type+item usage+item category group+higher level item category +default item category
In the creation of the reference document, item category determination happens from copy control where the source item category is to the target item category. if it is not maintained, item category determination has happened though normal determination like sales document type+ item usage+item category group + higher-level item category+default item category.
Ans: Condition table+Access sequence+Condition type+pricing procedure=condition technique. The above extract is used to find a suitable condition record.
Ans: A plant may be delivering plant and production plant or a storage plant. In Sales and Distribution, since the plant is assigned to the sales organization and distribution channel, it is called delivering plant.
Ans: The transaction code is the short path to reach a specific screen in the SYSTEM. Instead of going through the routine menu, you can enter the Transaction Code and then press “Enter,” which would directly take you to the specific transaction. For example, you can access the VA22 transaction code to reach the Change Quotation screen. However, the VA01 transaction code is used to create a Sales document in SYSTEM.
Ans: The comparison key that helps you to find the key of a specific database record, depending on the field value entered in the record, is known as the match code. On the basis of the match code, the system then displays a list of records from which you can select the appropriate one.
Ans: The customer master is a part of the SD module and forms the basis for customer-related transactions. It is divided into three areas:
General Data—It is used for the maintenance of general customer details such as name, address, phone/fax nos., and so on.
Sales Area Data—It is used for Sales-related data maintenance.
Company Code data—It is used for accounts-related data maintenance.
Ans: The Implementation Guide (IMG Menu) is used to collectively group the areas that must be configured and customized, and form a basic structure of an organization in the System to run.
Ans: To maintain a company code, navigate the following menu path:
Customizing Implementation Guide (MG Menu)). Enterprise Structure > Definition > Financial Accounting > Edit, Copy, Delete, Check Company Code.
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Ans: ERP is a way to integrate processes and data of an organization into a single system to provide easy access and workflow in an organization. It refers to the way in which large organizations efficiently plan to use resources to their fullest.
Ans: The advantages of implementing an ERP system in an organization are as follows:
Various processes and workflows of an organization are integrated into a single system.
Efficient utilization of resources in an organization.
Ability to easily share organizational data across different departments.
Improves efficiency and productivity levels.
Lower costs.
Better customer service.
Ans: Relationship basically denotes how activities in a network order are related to each other. They can be classified into 4 categories - SS (Start-Start), SF(Start-Finish), FF (Finish-Finish), and FS (Finish-Start). For 2 activities say A and B
SS -->> Both A and B start together
SF -->> Start of A coincides with the finish of B and so on.
We can also specify the time gap between which these relationships work. Say in an SS relationship, there can be a 10 minutes gap between the start of A and B and so on.
Ans: In Valuated stock, every material in stock is managed on both a quantity basis and a value basis. The monetary value of each quantity of material is calculated separately. while non-valuated material is maintained as per quantity and not on the basis of its value.
Ans:
1. Controlling (CO):
Substantial integration exists between PS and CO. This is because PS relies on so many objects that belong to CO for Integrated Cost Planning, Settlement, Results Analysis, Resource Planning, and any reporting that involves Cost Elements. Controlling Area is the most obvious connection, without which PS could not function. In Workforce Planning via Work Centres/Activity Types, there is integration with Human Resources (HR) to register personnel who are assigned to projects.
2. Materials Management (MM):
Based on Materials and BOMs, PS has the ability to create Reservations, Purchase Requisitions and Purchase Orders via Easy Cost Planning Execution Services and Networks in general. This powerful integration makes PS a key player in the logistics cycle, including the ability to handle Services via Service Masters. Further, the ability of Networks to work with Catalogues takes PS into SRM (Supply Relationship Management), where the internet plays a large part in sourcing materials. Additionally, PS can help manage the MRP (Material Requirements Planning) cycle with its MRP Grouping functionality. PS is the ‘owner’ of the ProMan facility which tracks and helps manage all the Procurement document flows.
3. Sales and Distribution (SD):
PS has a fairly straightforward integration with SD via Order Numbers. All SD Orders (Quotations, Sales Orders, Consignment Orders, etc) can be assigned to a project for the purpose of planning revenue, creating Billing Plans, and attracting costs. DIP Profiles (Dynamic Item Processors) assist in the process of simulating and automatically creating Sales Documents, plus providing a means to bill customers based on activity within a project (Resource-Related Billing). Additionally, Assembly Processing provides the means for a Sales Order or Quotation to automatically generate a Project using Configurable Materials.
4. Finance (FI):
As PS is primarily a Cost Planner and Cost Collector and therefore a slave to FI/CO, its primary objects (WBS and Network) rely on actual expenditure to manage Account Determination, which is really the Chart of Accounts. Ultimately, all costs end up somewhere in Finance. Cash-flow management is also a feature that PS can be used for, via Funding Areas in Treasury.
5. Production Planning (PP):
Though not a major player in the PS side of integration, it is via MM that PP is informed of Production Orders using special settings in the Material Master.
6. Plant Maintenance (PM):
At the heart of this integration is Maintenance Orders, which like most external orders can connect to PS for Planning and Settlement purposes. Generally, Maintenance and Service Orders apply to Capital or Customer-based projects, where equipment serviced on-site can be managed in a Project.
7. Investment Management (IM):
Quite a substantial amount of integration here. IM seamlessly integrates with PS to manage Assets Under Construction (AUCs). Cost Planning can be managed in PS, sent to Investment Programs, and returned to the project as a managed Budget. AUCs are automatically generated when a project is released, so there is a relatively important connection to Fixed Assets.
Ans: Standard structures in Project Systems can be found in Standard project definitions and in Standard WBS These standard structures can be used as a template to standardize project management.
This brings about the advantage of Making the processing of projects more transparent (everyone creates an operative project from a standard project), Enabling comparison of projects with similar structures, Facilitates project controlling.
Standard project templates CANNOT be used to capture any actual data (e.g. costs, actual materials used) and they serve as a quick way to create an operative project during the implementation stage. As such, it is recommended that nominated users maintain these standard project templates at least once a year or whenever there are process changes for each type of project.
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