Data types in C language
- Always data types will decides that what type of data need to be hold in a variable.
- in ‘c’ programming language, there are 3 type of basic data types are available i.e int,float, char.
- In implementation whenever the predefined data type is not supporting . User requirement then extend size and range of predefined data types i.e primitive data types are required
- In ‘c’ programming language, there are ‘9’ types of predefined or primitive data types are available , those are
| Type | Type | Range | % | Ex |
| Char | 1 byte | -128 to 127 | %c | ‘a’ ‘A’ ‘#’ ‘\n’ |
| Unsigned char | 1 byte | 0 to 255 | ||
| Int | 2bytes | -32,768 to 32767 | %d | -25 5 0 -5 |
| Unsigned int | 2 bytes | 0 to 65,535 | %u | 327684 |
| Longint | 4 bytes | -2,147,483,648 to+3147,483,647 | %ld+51-51 | 400001 |
| Unsigned long | 4 bytes | 0 to 4,294,967,295 | 100lu51lu | |
| Float | 4 bytes | +or-3.4*10*+or-38 | %lu | -3.5 7.5f |
| Double | 8 bytes | +or- 1.1*10*+or- | %f | -3.5 7.5 |
| Long double | 10 bytes | 308+or-3.4*10*+or-9932 | %lf%Lf | -3.5L 7.5L |
- The basic advantage of classifying this many types nothing but utilizing the memory more efficiently and increasing the performance.
- In implementation, when we require character operators then recommended to go for unsigned cap data type.
- In implementation, when we require the numeric values from the range of -128 to 128 then go for char data type in place of constructing an integer, in this case, we require to use %d format specifier
- When we require the numeric values from the range of 0 to 255 then go for unsigned char data type in place of constructing unsigned integer, in this case we require to use %u format specifier.
- For normal numeric operation, go for an int type, if there is no any negative representations are available like Employee salary then recommended to go for unsigned int type.
- Signed , unsigned, short and long are called “Qualifiors”
- signed, unsigned indicates sign specifications
- short & long indicates size specifications.
- This all qualifiers we require to use for an integer data type only. i.e we can’t use for float, double and long double.
- By default , any type of integral variable type sign is signed type, size is short type.
void main()
{
int i;
long int l;
float f;
i=32767+1;
l=32767+1;
f=32767+1;
printf(“%d%ld %f”,i,l,f);
}
o/p: 32768 -32768 -32768.000000
Arithmetic operations on data types:-
int , int 
int
int, char int
signed int, unsigned int signed int
signed , unsigned - signed
int, long int long int
int,float float
float, long int float
float, double double
double, long double long double.
- if both arguments are same type then return value is same, if both arguments are different then among those two, bigger one will be the return value.
- When we are working with an integral values with the combination of float, then return value is float type only.
void main()
{
int i,
long int l;
float f;
i=32767+1;
l=32767l+1; // l=(long int) 32767+1;
f=32767.0f+1; // f=(float)32767+1;
printf(“%d %ld %f ”,i,l,f);
}
o/p : -32768 32768 32768.000000