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<h2>Struts Interview Questions and Answers</h2>
<h3>1Q) What is ValueStack and OGNL?</h3>
Ans: ValueStack is the capacity region where the application information is put away by Struts2 for handling customer demands. The information is put away in ActionContext objects that utilization ThreadLocal to have esteemed particularly to the specific demand string.
Question Graph Navigation Language (OGNL) is an intense Expression Language that is utilized to control information put away on the ValueStack. As should be obvious in the design chart, the two interceptors and result pages can get to information put away on ValueStack utilizing OGNL.
<h3>2Q) What is MVC Pattern?</h3>
Ans: MVC stands for Model, View, and Controller. It is a software architectural pattern for implementing user interfaces.
Controller: Controls the flow. Sends commands to the model to update the model's state. Sends commands to view to change the view's presentation of the model.
Model: Represents the state of the application. Sometimes - notifies associated views and controllers when there is a change in its state.
View: Visual representation of the model for the user.
<blockquote>Interested in mastering Struts Training? Enroll now for a FREE demo on "<a style="color: #e03e2d;" href="struts-training" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Struts Training</a>"</blockquote>
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<h3>3Q) How to upload file in struts 2?</h3>
Ans: To upload file in struts, @InterceptorRef annotation is used in which we can define allowed types and maximum size, etc as below.
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@InterceptorRef( params={"allowedTypes","image/jpeg,application/zip", "maximumSize","1000000"}, value="fileUpload" ) 
<h3>4Q) In Struts, How Can We Access Java Beans And Their Properties?</h3>
Ans: Bean Tag Library is a Struts library which can be used for accessing Java beans.
<h3>5Q) What&rsquo;s The Use Of Struts.xml Configuration File?</h3>
Ans: Struts.xml file is one of the key configuration files of the Struts framework which is used to define a mapping between URL and action. When a user&rsquo;s request is received by the controller, the controller uses mapping information from this file to select the appropriate action class.
<h3>6Q) What Are The Benefits Of Struts Framework?</h3>
Ans: Swaggers depend on MVC and subsequently there is a decent division of various layers in Struts which makes Struts applications improvement and customization simple. Utilization of various setup records makes Struts applications effectively configurable. Likewise, Struts is open source and thus, financially savvy.
<h3>7Q) What's the part of a handler in MVC based applications?</h3>
Ans: It's the activity of handlers to exchange the solicitations to proper models as they are bound to the model layer of MVC engineering. Handlers utilize mapping data from design records for ask for an exchange.
<h3>8Q) What is Struts?</h3>
Ans: The core of the Struts framework is a flexible control layer based on standard technologies like Java Servlets, JavaBeans, resource bundles, and XML, as well as various Jakarta Commons packages. Struts encourage application architectures based on the Model 2 approach, a variation of the classic Model-View-Controller (MVC) design paradigm.
<h3>9Q) What is Struts Validator Framework?</h3>
Ans: Struts Framework gives the usefulness to approve the shape information. It can be used to approve the information on the client's program and also on the server-side. Struts Framework radiates the java contents and it can be utilized to approve the shape information on the customer program. Server-side approval of shape can be proficient by sub classing your From Bean with DynaValidatorForm class.
<h3>Struts Interview Questions for Experienced!</h3>
<h3>10Q) Can we have multiple struts-config files?</h3>
Ans: Yes, we can have multiple struts-config files. We need to add the names of those config files in web.xml.
<h3>11Q) What is the controller in Struts?</h3>
Ans: Its the servlet in particular ActionServlet.
<h3>12Q) What is MVC?</h3>
Ans: Model-View-Controller is a design pattern wherein the Model holds the business logic, the controller controls the flow and View takes care of the presentation part of the web application.
<h3>13Q) What validate() and reset() method does?</h3>
Ans: Validate and reset methods are defined in Form Beans. The validation method is used to validate the request parameters where the reset method to clear Action Form Data members.
<h3>14Q) What is the controller in Struts?</h3>
Ans: Its the servlet in particular ActionServlet.
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Struts Interview Questions and Answers

struts-interview-questions-answers

&nbsp;
<h2>Struts Interview Questions </h2>
<h2>1Q) What is Struts?</h2>
Ans: The core of the Struts framework is a flexible control layer based on standard technologies like Java Servlets, JavaBeans, resource bundles, and XML, as well as various Jakarta Commons packages. Struts encourage application architectures based on the Model 2 approach, a variation of the classic Model-View-Controller (MVC) design paradigm.
Struts provide its own Controller component and integrate with other technologies to provide the Model and the View. For the Model, Struts can interact with standard data access technologies, like JDBC and EJB, as well as most any third-party packages, like Hibernate, iBATIS, or Object Relational Bridge. For the View, Struts works well with JavaServer Pages, including JSTL and JSF, as well as Velocity Templates, XSLT, and other presentation systems.
The Struts framework provides the invisible underpinnings every professional web application needs to survive. Struts help you create an extensible development environment for your application, based on published standards and proven design patterns.
<h3>2Q) What is the Jakarta Struts Framework?</h3>
Ans: Jakarta Struts is an open-source implementation of MVC (Model-View-Controller) pattern for the development of web-based applications. Jakarta Struts is robust architecture and can be used for the development of applications of any size. Struts framework makes it much easier to design scalable, reliable Web applications with Java.
<h3>3Q) What is Struts Validator Framework?</h3>
Ans: <a href="struts-training" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Struts </a>Framework provides the functionality to validate the form data. It can be used to validate the data on the user's browser as well as on the server-side. Struts Framework emits the java scripts and it can be used to validate the form data on the client browser. Server-side validation of form can be accomplished by subclassing your From Bean with DynaValidatorForm class.
The Validator framework was developed by David Winterfeldt as a third-party add-on to Struts. Now the Validator framework is a part of the Jakarta Commons project and it can be used with or without Struts. The Validator framework comes integrated with the Struts Framework and can be used without doing any extra settings.
<blockquote>Interested in mastering Struts Training? Enroll now for a FREE demo on "<a href="struts-training" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Struts Training</a>"</blockquote>
<h3>4Q) Give the Details of XML files used in Validator Framework?</h3>
Ans: The Validator Framework uses two XML configuration files validator-rules.xml and validation.xml. The validator-rules.xml defines the standard validation routines, these are reusable and used in validation.xml. to define the form of specific validations. The validation.xml defines the validations applied to a form bean.
<h3>5Q) What are the classes used in Struts?</h3>
Ans: Struts Framework consists of the following classes:
Action Servlets: Used to control the response for each incoming request.
Action Class: Used to handle the request.
Action Form: It is a java bean, used to refer to forms, and associated with action mapping.
Action Mapping: Used for mapping between object and action.
Action Forward: Used to forward the result from controller to destination.
<h3>6Q) What design patterns are used in Struts?</h3>
Ans: There are following types of design patterns are used in Struts:
Service to Worker
Dispatcher View
Composite View (Struts Tiles)
Front Controller
View Helper
Synchronizer Token
<h3>7Q) What is the different actions available in Struts?</h3>
Ans: The different kinds of actions in Struts are:
ForwardAction
IncludeAction
DispatchAction
LookupDispatchAction
SwitchAction
<h3>8Q) What are the various Struts tag libraries?</h3>
Ans: The various Struts tag libraries are:
HTML Tags: used to create the struts input forms and GUI of the web page.
Bean Tags: used to access bean and their properties.
Logic Tags: used to perform the logical operation like comparison.
Template Tags: used to changes the layout and view.
Nested Tags: used to perform the nested functionality.
Tiles Tags: used to manages the tiles of the application.
<h3>9Q) What are the loopholes of Struts?</h3>
Ans: The drawbacks of Struts are the following:
Absence of backward flow mechanism.
Only one single controller Servlets is used.
Bigger learning curve.
Worst documentation.
No exception present in this framework.
Less transparent.
A rigid approach.
With struts 1, embedding application into JSP can&rsquo;t be prevented.
Non-XML compliance of JSP syntax.
<h3>10Q) What steps are required for an application migration from Struts1 to Struts2?</h3>
Ans: The following steps are required for Struts1 to Struts2 migration:
Move the Struts1 action form to Struts2 POJO.
Convert Struts1 configuration file (struts-config.xml) to Struts2 configuration file (struts.xml)
<h3>11Q) How properties of a form are validated in Struts?</h3>
Ans: For validation of populated properties, the validate() method of ActionForm class is used before handling the control of form bean to Action class.
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Interview Questions On Struts With Answers - Beginners And Experienced

Interview Questions On Struts

interview-questions-on-struts

&nbsp;
<h2>Struts Interview Question And Answers</h2>
<h3>1Q) What is Struts?</h3>
Ans: The core of the Struts framework is a flexible control layer based on standard technologies like <a href="java-tutorials" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Java</a> Servlets, JavaBeans, resource bundles, and XML, as well as various Jakarta Commons packages. Struts encourage application architectures based on the Model 2 approach, a variation of the classic Model-View-Controller (MVC) design paradigm.
Struts provide its own Controller component and integrate with other technologies to provide the Model and the View. For the Model, Struts can interact with standard data access technologies, like JDBC and EJB, as well as most any third-party packages, like Hibernate, iBATIS, or Object Relational Bridge. For the View, Struts works well with JavaServer Pages, including JSTL and JSF, as well as Velocity Templates, XSLT, and other presentation systems.
The Struts framework provides the invisible underpinnings every professional web application needs to survive. Struts help you create an extensible development environment for your application, based on published standards and proven design patterns.
<h3>2Q) What is the Jakarta Struts Framework?</h3>
Ans: Jakarta Struts is an open-source implementation of MVC (Model-View-Controller) pattern for the development of web-based applications. Jakarta Struts is robust architecture and can be used for the development of applications of any size. Struts framework makes it much easier to design scalable, reliable Web applications with Java.
<blockquote>Interested in mastering Struts Training? Enroll now for a FREE demo on "<a style="color: #e03e2d;" href="http://tekslate.com/struts-training/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Struts Training</a>"</blockquote>
&nbsp;
<h3>3Q) What is Struts Validator Framework?</h3>
Ans: Struts Framework provides the functionality to validate the form data. It can be used to validate the data on the user's browser as well as on the server-side. Struts Framework emits the java scripts and it can be used to validate the form data on the client browser. Server-side validation of form can be accomplished by subclassing your From Bean with DynaValidatorForm class.
The Validator framework was developed by David Winterfeldt as a third-party add-on to Struts. Now the Validator framework is a part of the Jakarta Commons project and it can be used with or without Struts. The Validator framework comes integrated with the Struts Framework and can be used without doing any extra settings.
<h3>4Q) Give the Details of XML files used in Validator Framework?</h3>
Ans: The Validator Framework uses two XML configuration files validator-rules.xml and validation.xml. The validator-rules.xml defines the standard validation routines, these are reusable and used in validation.xml. to define the form of specific validations. The validation.xml defines the validations applied to a form bean.
<h3>5Q) What are the classes used in Struts?</h3>
Ans: Struts Framework consists of the following classes:
Action Servlets: Used to control the response for each incoming request.
Action Class: Used to handle the request.
Action Form: It is a java bean, used to refer to forms, and associated with action mapping.
Action Mapping: Used for mapping between object and action.
Action Forward: Used to forward the result from controller to destination.
<h3>6Q) What design patterns are used in Struts?</h3>
Ans: There are following types of design patterns are used in Struts:
Service to Worker
Dispatcher View
Composite View (Struts Tiles)
Front Controller
View Helper
Synchronizer Token
<h3>7Q) What are the different actions available in Struts?</h3>
Ans: The different kinds of actions in Struts are:
ForwardAction
IncludeAction
DispatchAction
LookupDispatchAction
SwitchAction
<h3>8Q) What are the various Struts tag libraries?</h3>
Ans: The various Struts tag libraries are:
HTML Tags: used to create the struts input forms and GUI of the web page.
Bean Tags: used to access bean and their properties.
Logic Tags: used to perform the logical operation like comparison.
Template Tags: used to changes the layout and view.
Nested Tags: used to perform the nested functionality.
Tiles Tags: used to manages the tiles of the application.
<h3>9Q) What are the loopholes of Struts?</h3>
Ans:&nbsp; The drawbacks of Struts are the following:
Absence of backward flow mechanism.
Only one single controller Servlets is used.
Bigger learning curve.
Worst documentation.
No exception present in this framework.
Less transparent.
A rigid approach.
With struts 1, embedding application into JSP can&rsquo;t be prevented.
Non-XML compliance of JSP syntax.
<h3>10Q) What steps are required for an application migration from Struts1 to Struts2?</h3>
Ans: The following steps are required for Struts1 to Struts2 migration:
Move the Struts1 action form to Struts2 POJO.
Convert Struts1 configuration file (struts-config.xml) to Struts2 configuration file (struts.xml)
<h3>11Q) How properties of a form are validated in Struts?</h3>
Ans: For validation of populated properties, the validate() method of ActionForm class is used before handling the control of form bean to Action class.
<h3>12Q) What&rsquo;re the flow of requests in Struts based applications?</h3>
Ans: Struts based applications use the MVC design pattern. The flow of requests is as follows:
The user interacts with View by clicking any link or by submitting any form.
Upon the user&rsquo;s interaction, the request is passed towards the controller.
The controller is responsible for passing the request to appropriate action.
Action is responsible for calling a function in Model which has all business logic implemented.
Response from the model layer is received back by the action which then passes it towards the view where the user is able to see the response.
<h3>13Q) What&rsquo;s the role of Action Class in Struts?</h3>
Ans: In Struts, Action Class acts as a controller and performs the following key tasks:
After receiving the user request, it processes the user&rsquo;s request.
Uses an appropriate model and pulls data from model (if required).
Selects a proper view to show the response to the user.