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<h2 style="text-align: justify;"><span style="text-align: start; font-size: 14pt; font-family: Roboto, Arial; color: #ba372a;" data-sheets-value="{&quot;1&quot;:2,&quot;2&quot;:&quot;SAP BW Tutorials&quot;}" data-sheets-userformat="{&quot;2&quot;:14466,&quot;4&quot;:[null,2,16777215],&quot;10&quot;:2,&quot;14&quot;:[null,2,0],&quot;15&quot;:&quot;Roboto&quot;,&quot;16&quot;:11}">Introduction to SAP BW</h2>
Welcome to SAP Business Warehouse Tutorials. The objective of these tutorials is to provide an in-depth understanding of SAP Business Warehouse. In addition to free SAP Business Warehouse Tutorials, we will cover common interview questions, issues, and how to&rsquo;s of <a href="sap-bwbi-interview-questions-and-answers" target="_blank" rel="noopener">SAP Business Warehouse</a>.
SAP NetWeaver Business Warehouse (SAP NetWeaver BW) or also called SAP BW in short, is the name of the Business Intelligence, analytical, reporting, and Data Warehousing solution produced by SAP.
Serving as a powerful Enterprise Data Warehouse application platform BW provides flexible reporting and analysis tools. It is a packaged, comprehensive business intelligence product centered around a data warehouse that is optimized for (but not limited to) the R/3 environment from SAP.
<blockquote>
If you want to enrich your career and become a professional in SAP BW, then visit Tekslate - a global online training platform: "<a href="sap-bw-training" target="_blank" rel="noopener">SAP BW Training</a>" This course will help you to achieve excellence in this domain
</blockquote>
Online Analytical Processing (OLAP) technologies enable you to perform flexible analyses from a variety of business perspectives. It is based on a multi-dimensional data model that is achieved using relational database tables.
An application example of the OLAP is the SAP Business Warehouse System. A Business Warehouse System is configured so that large quantities of historical and operative data can be formatted with acceptable response times. It comes as a valuable tool for developing data warehouses that accurately and effectively assist in critical business decision making. It facilitates easy-to-use and high-performance extraction, transfer, transformation, and loading of data from a variety of data sources, including such comprehensive business management systems as SAP R/3.
SAP BW now plays a central role in nearly every solution brought in the market by <a href="sap-bw-security-sap-security" target="_blank" rel="noopener">SAP</a>. It facilitates forecasting and strategic analysis on the basis of accumulated historical data and helped in delivering better customer service with optimized business operations and improved corporate performance.
<h2 style="text-align: justify;">Installation of Business Content (BC) Info Object</h2>
Info Objects:
Business evaluation objects (customers. sales revenues) are known in BW as Info Objects. They are divided into characteristics, key figures, units, and time characteristics.
Info Objects are the smallest information units in BW. They structure the information needed to create data targets. InfoObjects with attributes or texts can be either a pure data-target or an Info Provider (if it is being reported).
Following are the steps to install Business Content Info Objects:
-Go to transaction RSA1. Click on the button &ldquo;Business Content&rdquo; on the left side frame.&nbsp;You will able to see the following screen.
<img class=" wp-image-22038 aligncenter" src="https://newtekslateassets.s3.us-west-2.amazonaws.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/Capture-25.png" alt="sap bw info object" width="510" height="381" />
The extreme left frame shows the different types of BC objects like Info Provider, Info Object, and Info Source, etc.
<ul>
<li>Click on the &ldquo;Info Object&rdquo; label on the extreme left menu.</li>
<li>In order to install a particular Info object, first, click on the search button on the application toolbar. Enter the name of the Info Object to be searched.</li>
</ul>
<img class="size-full wp-image-22039 aligncenter" src="https://newtekslateassets.s3.us-west-2.amazonaws.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/Capture-26.png" alt="sap bw info object2" width="579" height="439" />
<ul>
<li>Once the required info object will be located and can be seen on the second frame, drag the Info object in the 3rd frame (Right side) Collected objects.</li>
</ul>
<img class="size-full wp-image-22040 aligncenter" src="https://newtekslateassets.s3.us-west-2.amazonaws.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/Capture-27.png" alt="sap bw info object 3" width="588" height="441" />
<ul>
<li>Repeat the step no 4, so as to collect about 10 Info objects.</li>
</ul>
<img class="size-full wp-image-22041 aligncenter" src="https://newtekslateassets.s3.us-west-2.amazonaws.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/Capture-28.png" alt="sap bw info object 4" width="577" height="424" />
<a title="SAP BW Interview Questions" href="sap-bw-interview-questions-answers" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Checkout Our&nbsp; Frequently Asked SAP BW Interview Questions</a>
<ul>
<li>In order to install the Business Content Info Objects, Click on the Install button (In the 3rd frame extreme right frame). In order to install the objects in the background chose the option, &ldquo;Install in Background&rdquo;&nbsp;</li>
</ul>
<img class=" wp-image-22042 aligncenter" src="https://newtekslateassets.s3.us-west-2.amazonaws.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/Capture-29.png" alt="sap bw info object 5" width="505" height="366" />
<ul>
<li>One dialog box will be displayed for overwriting the objects.</li>
</ul>
<img class=" wp-image-22043 aligncenter" src="https://newtekslateassets.s3.us-west-2.amazonaws.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/Capture-30.png" alt="sap bw install" width="662" height="190" />
<ul>
<li style="text-align: justify;">Click on &ldquo;Yes&rdquo;.</li>
</ul>
<ul>
<li>A job will be created in the background.</li>
</ul>
<img class="size-full wp-image-22044 aligncenter" src="https://newtekslateassets.s3.us-west-2.amazonaws.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/Capture-31.png" alt="sap bw information" width="440" height="152" />
<ul>
<li>You can check for the status of the job in transaction SM35</li>
</ul>
<img class="size-full wp-image-22045 aligncenter" src="https://newtekslateassets.s3.us-west-2.amazonaws.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/Capture-32.png" alt="sap bw transaction" width="577" height="421" />
<ul>
<li>In order to check for the installation of the Info Object, go to Transaction RSD1. Give the name of the Info Object Installed and click on display.&nbsp;</li>
</ul>
<img class="size-full wp-image-22046 aligncenter" src="https://newtekslateassets.s3.us-west-2.amazonaws.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/Capture-33.png" alt="sap bw installed" width="584" height="441" />
You will be able to see the Info object. Also, the last change on by will be the User Id of the person who installed the BC object. <img class="size-full wp-image-22047 aligncenter" src="https://newtekslateassets.s3.us-west-2.amazonaws.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/Capture-34.png" alt="sap bw" width="581" height="443" />
<h3 style="text-align: justify;">SAP BW Architecture</h3>
SAP BW Architecture: &ndash; The following articles an overview of SAP BW architecture and how it connects to SAP Systems and Non SAP Systems. SAP BW provides a business solution for data warehousing and uses in SAP technologies. SAP Business Information warehouse is a three-tier architecture and coded by SAP ABAP programming language. SAP BW is connected to ERP SAP System and Non SAP systems by ALE and BAPI.
SAP BW architecture consists of three layers
<ul>
<li style="text-align: justify;">Top Layer</li>
<li style="text-align: justify;">Middle Layer</li>
<li style="text-align: justify;">Bottom Layer</li>
<li style="text-align: justify;"><img class=" wp-image-22048 aligncenter" src="https://newtekslateassets.s3.us-west-2.amazonaws.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/Capture-35.png" alt="sap bw architecture" width="507" height="481" /></li>
</ul>
Top Layer of BW Architecture: The top layer of the architecture is a reporting tool and it can be a business explorer and any third-party reporting tool. Business Explorer consists of two types of components.
<ul>
<li style="text-align: justify;">Browser: &ndash; Browser component acts as an information center that enables access and provides required information perusers requested.</li>
<li style="text-align: justify;">Analyzer: &ndash; Analyzer can be a Microsoft Excel and enables the users to create queries without any coding.</li>
</ul>
Third-party reporting tools are connected to OLAP Processor by ODBO and OLE DB or OLAP provider.
Middle Layer:&nbsp;The middle layer of SAP BW architecture enables administrating the Business Information warehouse system, storing the data, and providing the data as per user request. The middle layer of the BW server contains the following components.
<ul>
<li style="text-align: justify;">Administrator Workbench includes Scheduler and Monitor</li>
<li style="text-align: justify;">Metadata Manager and Metadata Repository</li>
<li style="text-align: justify;">BDS/User Roles</li>
<li style="text-align: justify;">OLAP Processor</li>
<li style="text-align: justify;">Info cubes/ODS Objects</li>
<li style="text-align: justify;">Data manager</li>
<li style="text-align: justify;">PSA</li>
<li style="text-align: justify;">Staging Engine.</li>
</ul>
Bottom Layer: The bottom layer of SAP BW architecture consists source system of SAP system or any other non SAP system. If the source system of BW architecture is SAP then the component of plugins to be installed in the source system. This plugin consists of an extractor that contains Abap programs, database tables, and other objects that SAP BW extract the information from the SAP systems.
The middle layer of SAP BW architecture is connected to SAP systems and Non SAP systems by ALE and BAPI.
<h3 style="text-align: justify;">The benefits of SAP BW</h3>
<ul>
<li>SAP Business Warehouse is shipped with "Business Content".&nbsp; It comes with ready-made extraction routines, meta-data, InfoCubes, information models, reports, and channels that guarantee analysis and reporting capabilities out of the box.</li>
<li>It closes the loop as it provides seamless links to planning and execution applications that allow you to act instantly on the insight you gain to improve the performance of your business processes.</li>
<li>Its openness ensures that SAP BW is ideal for SAP R/3&AElig; and other SAP solutions but not limited to them. You can combine it easily with practically any internal or external data source, including existing data marts, with third-party reporting and analysis tools, or planning and execution applications.</li>
<li>The flexibility of SAP BW is that it is a ready-to-go solution but easy to adapt. You can modify or add data sources, meta-data, InfoCubes, and reports as and when you need to.</li>
</ul>

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SAP BW Tutorials

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<h2>SAP BW Interview Questions</h2>
Are you planning to attend an interview for the <a href="sap-bw-security-sap-security" target="_blank" rel="noopener">SAP BW</a> Developer role but confused on how to crack that interview and also what would be the most probable SAP BW Interview Questions that the interviewer may ask? Well, you have reached the right place. Tekslate has collected the most frequently asked SAP BW Interview Questions which are often asked in multiple interviews.
<blockquote>
If you want to enrich your career and become a professional in SAP BW, then visit Tekslate - a global online training platform: "<a href="sap-bw-training" target="_blank" rel="noopener">SAP BW Training</a>"&nbsp; &nbsp;This course will help you to achieve excellence in this domain.
</blockquote>
<h3 style="text-align: justify;">Q1) What is partitioning and what are the benefits of partitioning in an InfoCube?</h3>
Ans: Partitioning is the method of dividing a table (either column-wise or row-wise) based on the fields available which would enable a quick reference for the intended values of the fields in the table. By partitioning an info cube, the reporting performance is enhanced because it is easier to search in smaller tables. Also, table maintenance becomes easier.
<h3 style="text-align: justify;">Q2) What does Rollup do?</h3>
Ans: Rollup creates aggregates in an info cube whenever new data is loaded.
<h3 style="text-align: justify;">Q3) What are the inputs for an Infoset?</h3>
Ans: The inputs for an Infoset are ODS objects and InfoObjects (with master data or text).
<h3 style="text-align: justify;">Q4) What internally happens when BW objects like Info Object, Info Cube, or ODS are created and activated?</h3>
Ans: When an InfoObject, InfoCube, or ODS object is created, BW maintains a saved version of that object but does not make it available for use. Once the object is activated, BW creates an active version that is available for use.
<h3 style="text-align: justify;">Q5) What is the specific advantage of LO extraction over LIS extraction?</h3>
Ans: The load performance of LO extraction is better than that of LIS. In LIS two tables are used for delta management that is cumbersome. In LO only one delta queue is used for delta management.
<h3 style="text-align: justify;">Q6) What is the importance of 0REQUID?</h3>
Ans: It is the InfoObject for Request id. REQUIRED enables BW to distinguish between different data records.
<h3 style="text-align: justify;">Q7) Can you add programs to the scheduler?</h3>
Ans: Yes. Through event handling.
<h3 style="text-align: justify;">Q8) What is the importance of table ROIDOCPRMS?</h3>
Ans: It is an IDOC parameter source system. This table contains the details of the data transfer like the source system of the data, data packet size, maximum number of lines in a data packet, etc. The data packet size can be changed through the control parameters option on SBIW i.e., the contents of this table can be changed.
<h3 style="text-align: justify;">Q9) What is the importance of 'start routine' in update rules?</h3>
Ans: A Start routine is a user exit that can be executed before the update rule starts to allow more complex computations for a key figure or a characteristic. The start routine has no return value. Its purpose is to execute preliminary calculations and to store them in a global data structure. You can access this structure or table in the other routines.
<h3 style="text-align: justify;">Q10) When is IDOC data transfer used?</h3>
Ans: IDOCs are used for communication between logical systems like SAP R/3, R/2, and non-SAP systems using ALE and for communication between an SAP R/3 system and a non-SAP system. In BW, an IDOC is a data container for data exchange between SAP systems or between SAP systems and external systems based on an EDI interface. IDOCs support a limited file size of 1000 bytes. So IDOCs are not used when loading data into PSA since data there is more detailed. It is used when the file size is lesser than 1000 bytes. 
<h3 style="text-align: justify;">Q11) What is the partitioning characteristic in CO-PA used for?</h3>
Ans: For easier parallel search and load of data. 
Q12) What is the advantage of BW reporting on CO-PA data compared with directly running the queries on CO-PA?
Ans: BW has a better performance advantage over-reporting in R/3. For a huge amount of data, the R/3 reporting tool is at a serious disadvantage because R/3 is modeled as an OLTP system and is good for transaction processing rather than analytical processing.
<h3 style="text-align: justify;">Q13) What is the function of the BW statistics cube?</h3>
Ans: BW statistics cube contains the data related to the reporting performance and the data loads of all the InfoCubes in the BW system.
Q14) When an ODS is in 'overwrite' mode, does uploading the same data, again and again, create new entries in the changelog each time data is uploaded?
Ans: No. 
Q15) What is the function of the 'selective deletion' tab in the manage-&gt;contents of an info cube?
Ans: It allows us to select a particular value of a particular field and delete its contents. 
Q16) When we collapse an info cube, is the consolidated data stored in the same info cube, or is it stored in the new infocube?
Ans: Data is stored in the same cube. 
Q17) What is the effect of aggregation on the performance? Are there any negative effects on performance?
Ans: Aggregation improves performance in reporting. 
Q18) What happens when you load transaction data without loading master data?
Ans: The transaction data gets loaded and the master data fields remain blank.
Q19) When given a choice between a single info cube and multiple InfoCubes with a multi-provider, what factors does one need to consider before making a decision?
Ans: One would have to see if the InfoCubes are used individually. If these cubes are often used individually, then it is better to go for a multi-provider with many cubes since the reporting would be faster for an individual cube query rather than for a big cube with a lot of data.
Q20) How many hierarchy levels can be created for a characteristic info object?
Ans: Maximum of 98 levels. 
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<h3 style="text-align: justify;">Q21) What is an open hub service?</h3>
Ans: The open hub service enables you to distribute data from an SAP BW system into external data marts, analytical applications, and other applications. With this, you can ensure controlled distribution using several systems. The central object for the export of data is the Infospoke. Using this, you can define the object from which the data comes and into which target it is transferred. Through the open hub service, SAP BW becomes a hub of an enterprise data warehouse. The distribution of data becomes clear through central monitoring from the distribution status in the BW system.
Q22) What is the function of the 'reconstruction' tab in an info cube?
Ans: It reconstructs the deleted requests from the info cube. If a request has been deleted and later someone wants the data records of that request to be added to the info cube, one can use the reconstruction tab to add those records. It goes to the PSA and brings the data to the info cube.
Q23) What are secondary indexes with respect to InfoCubes?
Ans: Index created in addition to the primary index of the info cube. When you activate a table in the ABAP Dictionary, an index is created on the primary key fields of the table. Further indexes created for the table are called secondary indexes. 
Q24) What is DB connect and where is it used?
Ans: DB Connect is a database connecting a piece of the program. It is used in connecting third-party tools with BW for reporting purposes.
<h3 style="text-align: justify;">Q25) Can we extract hierarchies from R/3 for CO-PA?</h3>
Ans: No We cannot, &ldquo;NO hierarchies in CO/PA.
Q26) Explain &lsquo;field name for partitioning&rsquo; in CO-PA?
Ans: The CO/PA partitioning is used to decrease package size (eg: company code)
Q27) What is the V3 update method?
Ans: It is a program in the R/3 source system that schedules batch jobs to update extract structure to data sources collectively.
Q28) What is the use of BW Statistics?
Ans: The sets of cubes delivered by SAP are used to measure performance for the query, loading data, etc., It also shows the usage of aggregates and the cost associated with then.
Q29) What is the process chain and how you used it?
Ans: Process chains are tools available in BW for Automation of the upload of master data and transaction data while taking care of dependency between each process. 
In one of our scenarios, we wanted to upload wholesale price info objects which will have wholesale prices for all the material. Then we wanted to load transaction data. While loading transaction data to populate wholesale prices, there was a lookup in the update rule on this InfoObject master data table. This dependency of first uploading master data and then uploading transaction data was done through the process chain.
Q30) What are Remotecubes and how you accessed and used it in your project?
Ans: A RemoteCube is an InfoCube whose transaction data is not managed in the Business Information Warehouse but externally. Only the structure of the RemoteCube is defined in BW. The data is read for reporting using a BAPI from another system.B) Using a RemoteCube, you can carry out reporting using data in external systems without having to physically store transaction data in BW. You can, for example, include an external system from market data providers using a RemoteCube.
Q31) Are there any limitations for the BEx analyzer?
Ans: TBD
Q32) How does the BEx analyzer connect to BW?
Ans: Bex Analyzer is connected with OLAP Processor. OLE DB Connectivity makes Bex Analyzer connects with BIW.
Q33) What is field partitioning in CO-PA?
Ans: Internally allocates space in the database. If the needed table resides in one or a few partitions, then only these partitions will be selected and examined by SQL statement, thereby significantly reducing I/O volume.
Q34) What is the difference between &lsquo;saving&rsquo; and &lsquo;activating&rsquo;?
Ans: In BIW, Saving--&gt; actually saves the defined structure and retrieves whenever required.B) Activating---&gt; It saves and generates required tables and structures.
Q35) What does delta initialization do?
Ans: It makes BW expect the data from Sources, after the full update. It initializes the delta Update mechanism for that data source.
<h3 style="text-align: justify;">Q36) What is the difference between delta and pseudo delta?</h3>
Ans: Some data target and module has delta Update feature. Those can be used for the delta Update of data. Say ODS, COPA is delta capable. data can be expected stage wise. After the first accumulation of data, BIW expects the data in delta wise for these data targets. When the other data target does not have these features (delta update), they can be made delta capable of using ODS as a data target.
Q37) What is the &ldquo;replication of data source process?
Ans: Replication of data source enables the extract structure from the source system to be replicated in the target system.
Q38) Are any quality checks available for inefficient cube designs?
Ans: Huge Dimension tables make a cube inefficient.
Q39) Why not star-schema is implemented for ODS as well?
Ans: Because ODS is meant to store a detailed document for quick perusal and help make short-term decisions.
Q40) How do you transform Open Hub Data?
Ans: Using BADI.

SAP BW Interview Questions and Answers

sap-bw-interview-questions-answers

&nbsp;
<h2>Introduction</h2>
Are you planning to attend an interview for the SAP BW/BI Developer role but confused on how to crack that interview and also what would be the most probable SAP BW/BI Interview Questions that the interviewer may ask? Well, you have reached the right place. Tekslate has collected the most frequently asked SAP BW/BI Interview Questions which are often asked in multiple interviews.
<blockquote>
If you would like to become an SAP BW certified professional, then visit Tekslate - A Global online training platform: "<a style="color: #e03e2d;" href="sap-bw-training" target="_blank" rel="noopener">SAP BW Training and Certification Course</a>". This course will help you to achieve excellence in this domain.
</blockquote>
<h2>SAP BW/BI Interview Questions</h2>
Q1) Define SAP BW/BI?
Ans: SAP BW/BI is a Business Information Warehouse, also called business intelligence. It allows the user to examine the information from operative SAP applications also from other businesses.
Q2) Define dimension in BW?
Ans: The collection of reference data about a measurable event in data warehousing is known as dimensions in BW.
Q3) How B/W statistics is important?
Ans: It is important because it is useful in measuring the performance of how quickly the queries are calculated or how quickly the data is loaded into BW.
Q4) What is an InfoObject and why it is used in SAP BI?
Ans: Info Objects are known as the smallest unit in SAP BI and are used in Info Providers, DSO&rsquo;s, Multi providers, etc. Each Info Provider contains multiple Info Objects. InfoObjects are used in reports to analyze the data stored and to provide information to decision-makers.
Q5) What is the use of the Info area in the SAP BW system?
Ans: Info areas in <a href="sap-bo-bi-training" target="_blank" rel="noopener">SAP BI</a> are used to group similar types of objects together. Info areas are used to manage Info Cubes and Info Objects. Each Info Objects resides in an Info Area and you can define it as a folder that is used to hold similar files together.
Q6) What is the InfoObject catalog?
Ans: InfoObjects are created in the Info Object catalog. It is possible that an Info Object can be assigned to different Info Catalog.
Q7) When you define aggregates, what are the available options?
Ans: Hierarchy F fixed value Blank
Q8) Explain the difference between Operation Datastore, InfoCube and MultiProvider?
Ans: ODS &minus;They provide granular data, allows overwrite and data is in transparent tables, ideal for drill-down and RRI. InfoCube &minus;This is used for star schema, we can only append data, ideal for primary reporting. MultiProvider &minus;It contains physical data and allow to access data from different InfoProviders.
Q9) Explain the data target administration task?
Ans: The data-target administration task deletes the index, generate an index, construct database statistics, initial fill of new aggregates, etc.
Check out&nbsp;<a style="color: #e03e2d;" href="sap-sd-tutorials" target="_blank" rel="noopener">SAP SD Tutorials</a>
Q10) What are the options available in the transfer rule?
Ans: ABAP routine or a Formula Assign a Constant Assign info object
Q11) What all options are available in the transfer rule?
Ans: Formula Routine Constant InfoObject
Q12) How we can debug errors with SAP GUI?
Ans: To debug errors in <a href="sap-pi-tutorials" target="_blank" rel="noopener">SAP</a> GUI we have to follow the path
a) Run Bexanalyzer
b) Business Explorer menu item
c) Installation check
It will show an excel sheet with a start button, on clicking on it, it will verify the GUI installation
Q13) Define the term &lsquo;slowly changing dimension?
Ans: Slowly changing dimensions is the dimension that changes with time
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